France, country of northwestern Europe, historically and culturally one of the most influential nations in the Western world. It became a unified kingdom in the Middle Ages and has played a central role in European history ever since. The name “France” comes from the Latin *Francia*, meaning “land of the Franks,” a Germanic tribe that settled in the region after the fall of the Roman Empire. Known for its contributions to art, philosophy, fashion, and cuisine, France has been a leader in global culture and politics for centuries. The French Revolution of 1789 became a symbol of the fight for liberty and democracy around the world. The capital is Paris.