Oman, country located on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, known for its rich history, diverse landscapes, and strategic location along important trade routes. It became an independent sultanate in 1650, after expelling the Portuguese, who had controlled parts of the country for nearly a century. The name “Oman” is believed to be derived from the ancient Arabic term *ʿUmān*, possibly referring to the region’s early settlers or its geographical position. Oman has a long history as a maritime power, with its sailors once dominating trade routes across the Arabian Sea and beyond. Today, Oman is known for its peaceful foreign policy, historic forts, traditional souks, and dramatic landscapes ranging from deserts to mountains. The capital is Muscat.