Portugal, country located in southwestern Europe on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. It became an independent kingdom in 1143 and is one of the oldest nations in Europe with defined borders. The name “Portugal” originates from the ancient Roman-Celtic settlement of *Portus Cale*, located in the north of the country, which eventually evolved into the name of the entire nation. Portugal rose to global prominence during the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, establishing a vast maritime empire that included territories in Africa, Asia, and South America. Its legacy is still evident in the Portuguese language and culture found around the world. The capital is Lisbon.